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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">通过tcpdump抓包分析ETHERNET-IP-TCP-UDP包结构</h1>
        

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        <p>抓包是学习网络协议的有效途径，通过实际分析，使得”理论”不那么枯燥，本文会通过抓包来分析各类包结构。</p>
<p>为了方便理解，大家需要先有以下概念：</p>
<ul>
<li>TCP包结构 - [ ETHERNET头 [ IP头 [ TCP头 [ DATA ] ] ] ]</li>
<li>UDP包结构 - [ ETHERNET头 [ IP头 [ UDP头 [ DATA ] ] ] ]</li>
</ul>
<p>有了以上概念，下面放上我抓取的TCP包（HTTP）</p>
<p>sudo tcpdump -i en0 port 80 -xx</p>
<pre>
17:17:29.484811 IP 192.168.12.101.63895 > 119.29.177.26.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:80, ack 1, win 4103, options [nop,nop,TS val 53585color3116 ecr 3024973830], length 79: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1
    0x0000:  <font color="#E97D00">d0c7 c08a 1a7c 6003 0899 962a 0800</font> <font color="#03AF59">4500
    0x0010:  0083 68c9 4000 4006 dc66 c0a8 0c65 771d
    0x0020:  b11a</font> <font color="#55A8E7">f997 0050 6046 44fe ae85 07c8 8018
    0x0030:  1007 21bd 0000 0101 080a 1ff0 783c b44d
    0x0040:  7006</font> 4745 5420 2f20 4854 5450 2f31 2e31
    0x0050:  0d0a 486f 7374 3a20 7777 772e 762d 6a75
    0x0060:  2e63 6f6d 2e63 6e0d 0a55 7365 722d 4167
    0x0070:  656e 743a 2063 7572 6c2f 372e 3531 2e30
    0x0080:  0d0a 4163 6365 7074 3a20 2a2f 2a0d 0a0d
    0x0090:  0a
</pre>

<h4 id="ETHERNET头"><a href="#ETHERNET头" class="headerlink" title="ETHERNET头"></a><font color="#E97D00">ETHERNET头</font></h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 0                   1                   2</span><br><span class="line"> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|            Destination Mac(6Bytes)            |</span><br><span class="line">|                                               |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|              Source Mac (6Bytes)              |</span><br><span class="line">|                                               |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|     Type(2Bytes)  |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">字段</th>
<th style="text-align:left">说明</th>
<th style="text-align:left">实际值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Destination Mac</td>
<td style="text-align:left">目的MAC</td>
<td style="text-align:left">d0c7 c08a = d0:c7:c0:8a:1a:7c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Source Mac</td>
<td style="text-align:left">源MAC</td>
<td style="text-align:left">1a7c 6003 = 60:03:08:99:96:2a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Type</td>
<td style="text-align:left">类型</td>
<td style="text-align:left">0800</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="IP头"><a href="#IP头" class="headerlink" title="IP头"></a><font color="#03AF59">IP头</font></h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 0                   1                   2                   3</span><br><span class="line"> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|Version|  IHL  |Type of Service|          Total Length         |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|         Identification        |Flags|      Fragment Offset    |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|  Time to Live |    Protocol   |         Header Checksum       |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                       Source Address                          |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                    Destination Address                        |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                    Options                    |    Padding    |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">字段</th>
<th style="text-align:left">说明</th>
<th style="text-align:left">实际值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Version</td>
<td style="text-align:left">IP版本</td>
<td style="text-align:left">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">IHL</td>
<td style="text-align:left">IP头部长度（单元4字节）</td>
<td style="text-align:left">5，即5x4=20字节</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Total Length</td>
<td style="text-align:left">IP数据包总长度，最长65535，即为何需要IP分片</td>
<td style="text-align:left">0x0083 = 131 = 20（IP头）+ 32（TCP头）+ 79（实际数据)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Protocol</td>
<td style="text-align:left">协议号<br>1    ICMP<br>2    IGMP<br>6    TCP<br>17    UDP</td>
<td style="text-align:left">6 即TCP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Time to Live</td>
<td style="text-align:left">存活数，每过一次路由减1，到0后停止路由</td>
<td style="text-align:left">0x40，即64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Source Address</td>
<td style="text-align:left">原IP地址</td>
<td style="text-align:left">c0a8 0c65 = c0.a8.0c.65 = 192.168.12.101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Destination Address</td>
<td style="text-align:left">目的IP地址</td>
<td style="text-align:left">771d b11a = 77.1d.b1.1a = 119.29.177.26</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="TCP头"><a href="#TCP头" class="headerlink" title="TCP头"></a><font color="#55A8E7">TCP头</font></h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 0                   1                   2                   3</span><br><span class="line"> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                        Sequence Number                        |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                    Acknowledgment Number                      |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|  Data |           |U|A|P|R|S|F|                               |</span><br><span class="line">| Offset| Reserved  |R|C|S|S|Y|I|            Window             |</span><br><span class="line">|       |           |G|K|H|T|N|N|                               |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|           Checksum            |         Urgent Pointer        |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                    Options                    |    Padding    |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br><span class="line">|                             data                              |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">字段</th>
<th style="text-align:left">说明</th>
<th style="text-align:left">实际值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Source Port</td>
<td style="text-align:left">原端口</td>
<td style="text-align:left">f997 = 63895</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Destination Port</td>
<td style="text-align:left">目的端口</td>
<td style="text-align:left">0050 = 80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Sequence Number</td>
<td style="text-align:left">序列号Seq</td>
<td style="text-align:left">6046 44fe - tcpdump显示的是相对序列号，即针对之前三次握手的序列号为基础</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Acknowledgment Number</td>
<td style="text-align:left">确认号Ack</td>
<td style="text-align:left">ae85 07c8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Data Offset</td>
<td style="text-align:left">TCP头长度（单位4字节）</td>
<td style="text-align:left">8 即共8x4=32字节</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>PS：TCP头之后就是DATA，即<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">GET / HTTP/1.1</span><br><span class="line">Host: www.v-ju.com.cn</span><br><span class="line">User-Agent: curl/7.51.0</span><br><span class="line">Accept: */*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h4 id="UDP头"><a href="#UDP头" class="headerlink" title="UDP头"></a><font color="#55A8E7">UDP头</font></h4><p>tcpdump -i eth0 port 6050 -xx</p>
<pre>
16:33:20.761382 IP 192.168.0.88.24625 > 120.24.89.194.6050: UDP, length 2
  0x0000:  <font color="#E97D00">8cab 8ede 1301 54f6 c500 54fe 0800</font> <font color="#03AF59">4500
  0x0010:  001e 0000 4000 4011 a7f4 c0a8 0058 7818
  0x0020:  59c2</font> <font color="#55A8E7">6031 17a2 000a e821</font> 0d0a
</pre>

<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 0      7 8     15 16    23 24    31  </span><br><span class="line">+--------+--------+--------+--------+ </span><br><span class="line">|     Source      |   Destination   | </span><br><span class="line">|      Port       |      Port       | </span><br><span class="line">+--------+--------+--------+--------+ </span><br><span class="line">|                 |                 | </span><br><span class="line">|     Length      |    Checksum     | </span><br><span class="line">+--------+--------+--------+--------+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">字段</th>
<th style="text-align:left">说明</th>
<th style="text-align:left">实际值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Source Port</td>
<td style="text-align:left">原端口</td>
<td style="text-align:left">6031 = 24625</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Destination Port</td>
<td style="text-align:left">目的端口</td>
<td style="text-align:left">17a2 = 6050</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">Length</td>
<td style="text-align:left">长度包含头部+数据</td>
<td style="text-align:left">000a = 10 = 8（UDP头）+ 2(数据)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>PS: UDP头之后就是DATA，即\r\n</p>

      
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